Associations of chemical composition and sources of PM2.5 with lung function of severe asthmatic adults in a low air pollution environment of urban Nagasaki, Japan.

Previous studies have linked ambient PM_2.5 to decreased pulmonary function, but the influence of specific chemical elements and emission sources on the severe asthmatic is not well understood. We examined the mass, chemical constituents, and sources of PM_2.5 for short-term associations with the pulmonary function of adults with severe asthma in a low air pollution environment in urban Nagasaki, Japan. We recruited 35 asthmatic adults and obtained the daily record of morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) in spring 2014-2016. PM_2.5 filters were extracted from an air quality monitoring station (178 days) and measured for 27 chemical elements. Source apportionment was performed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF).

We fitted generalized linear model with generalized estimating equation (GEE) method to estimate changes in PEF (from personal monthly maximum) and odds of severe respiratory deterioration (first ≥ 15% PEF reduction within a 1-week interval) associated with mass, constituents, and sources of PM_2.5, with adjustment for temperature and relative humidity.

EDTA
B7197-1000	ApexBio	1 g	EUR 62
Description: A chelating agent

EDTA
GE4011	Glentham Life Sciences	100g	EUR 36.1

EDTA
GE4011-1	Glentham Life Sciences	1	EUR 39.4

EDTA
GE4011-100	Glentham Life Sciences	100	EUR 11.3

EDTA
GE4011-100G	Glentham Life Sciences	100 g	EUR 48

EDTA
GE4011-1KG	Glentham Life Sciences	1 kg	EUR 84

EDTA
GE4011-250	Glentham Life Sciences	250	EUR 16.4

EDTA
GE4011-250G	Glentham Life Sciences	250 g	EUR 54

EDTA
GE4011-500	Glentham Life Sciences	500	EUR 23.8

EDTA
GE4011-500G	Glentham Life Sciences	500 g	EUR 64.8

EDTA
abx082228-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	EUR 125

EDTA
abx082228-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	Ask for price

EDTA
abx082228-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	EUR 187.5

EDTA 100GM
IB70180	IBI Scientific	-	EUR 35.58

EDTA 500GM
IB70182	IBI Scientific	-	EUR 95.13

EDTA Magnesium Disodium Complex (EDTA Mg) pure
41000	Sisco Laboratories	100 Gms	EUR 1.37
Description: Part A

0.5M EDTA
EDTA-150	BioAssay Systems	150 µL	EUR 15
Description: 0.5M EDTA used for preparation of urine samples for use with the Oxalate Quick Test Strips. Quantity: 150 µL 0.5M EDTA.

0.5M EDTA
E9000-010	GenDepot	100 ml	EUR 88.8

0.5M EDTA
E9000-050	GenDepot	500 ml	EUR 124.8

0.5M EDTA
CH124	ABM	500 ml	EUR 105
Description: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a solution that inactivates enzymes. At a chemical level, it forms coordination compounds with metal ions, causing them to inactivate.

0.5M EDTA
REDTA-150	BioAssay Systems	150 µL	EUR 19

EDTA, 1%
RK-EDTA	PHOENIX PEPTIDE	5 ml	EUR 18.36

EDTA Na2
abx082384-500g	Abbexa	500 g	EUR 243.6

EDTA Na2
abx082384-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	EUR 125

EDTA Na2
abx082384-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	Ask for price

EDTA Na2
abx082384-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	Ask for price

100G EDTA - 100G
NAT1090	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	100G	EUR 59.4

500G EDTA - 500G
NAT1092	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	500G	EUR 195.75

EDTA plasma
90-1009	Fitzgerald	100 ml	EUR 2589
Description: BNP and NT-proBNP free plasma EDTA

Trypsin (-EDTA)
abx098244-100ml	Abbexa	100 ml	EUR 493.2

EDTA Solution
2103-100	Biovision	each	EUR 164.4

Tris EDTA Saline, 10mM Tris HCl , 1mM EDTA, 2M Nacl
T8059-010	GenDepot	100ml	EUR 91.2

Tris EDTA Saline, 10mM Tris HCl , 1mM EDTA, 2M Nacl
T8059-050	GenDepot	500ml	EUR 100.8

Tris EDTA Saline, 10mM Tris HCl , 1mM EDTA, 2M Nacl
T8059-101	GenDepot	1L	EUR 151.2

Tris EDTA Saline, 10mM Tris HCl , 1mM EDTA, 2M Nacl
T8150-050	GenDepot	500 ml	EUR 100.8

Tris EDTA Saline, 10mM Tris HCl , 1mM EDTA, 2M Nacl
T8150-801	GenDepot	8L	EUR 144

EDTA, AM ester
19010	AAT Bioquest	10x50 ug	EUR 112
Description: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) might be the most popular metal ion chelator used for both industrial and medical purposes.

EDTA, AM ester
19010-10x50ug	AAT Bioquest	10x50 ug	EUR 109
Description: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) might be the most popular metal ion chelator used for both industrial and medical purposes.

EDTA, AM ester
19011	AAT Bioquest	10 mg	EUR 170
Description: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) might be the most popular metal ion chelator used for both industrial and medical purposes.

EDTA, AM ester
19011-10mg	AAT Bioquest	10 mg	EUR 166
Description: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) might be the most popular metal ion chelator used for both industrial and medical purposes.

EDTA Buffer, 1X
18-155	Genesee Scientific	500ml/Unit	EUR 186.76
Description: pH 8.0

EDTA Buffer, 1X
18-156	Genesee Scientific	1000ml/Unit	EUR 298.7
Description: pH 8.0

EDTA Free Acid
40500020-1	Glycomatrix	500 g	EUR 34.22

EDTA Free Acid
40500020-2	Glycomatrix	1 kg	EUR 58.79

EDTA, Free Acid
A2504-500G	Biomatik Corporation	500G	EUR 27
Description: Ultra Pure

GVBE (with EDTA)*
B104	Complement Technology	250 mL	EUR 92

GVBE (with EDTA)*
B105	Complement Technology	1 L	EUR 246

0.5% EDTA Solution
PB180620-100mL	Elabscience Biotech	100 mL	EUR 30
Description: Supplements & Reagents

Sodium Iron EDTA
S634990	Toronto Research Chemicals	100g	EUR 219
Description: 15708-41-5

EDTA Solution (0.5M)
TBS5040	Tribioscience	100 ml	EUR 26

0.5% EDTA Solution
PB180620	Elabscience Biotech	100mL	EUR 30
Description: Dissociation reagent

TRIS EDTA BUFFER
T855	PhytoTechnology Laboratories	100G	EUR 170.44

0.5% EDTA Solution
MBS2570190-100mL	MyBiosource	100mL	EUR 100

0.5% EDTA Solution
MBS2570190-5x100mL	MyBiosource	5x100mL	EUR 435

EDTA (iron sodium)
HY-131926	MedChemExpress	100 g	EUR 71.43
Description: EDTA iron sodium (NaFeEDTA; Sodium iron EDTA) is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.

Rabbit Plasma (EDTA)
88R-1029E	Fitzgerald	500 ml	EUR 137
Description: Sterile Rabbit Plasma with EDTA

EDTA, DISODIUM SALT
E410	PhytoTechnology Laboratories	100G	EUR 78.89

Rabbit Plasma (EDTA)
MBS837790-100mL	MyBiosource	100mL	EUR 670

Rabbit Plasma (EDTA)
MBS837790-500mL	MyBiosource	500mL	EUR 1460

Rabbit Plasma (EDTA)
MBS837790-5x500mL	MyBiosource	5x500mL	EUR 6350

Trypsin EDTA (Powder)
MBS652969-10L	MyBiosource	10L	EUR 265

Trypsin EDTA (Powder)
MBS652969-25L	MyBiosource	25L	EUR 435

Trypsin EDTA (Powder)
MBS652969-50L	MyBiosource	50L	EUR 625

Trypsin EDTA (Powder)
MBS652969-5x50L	MyBiosource	5x50L	EUR 2190

10 × EDTA Anticoagulant
E-EL-SR003-24Tests	Elabscience Biotech	24 Tests	Ask for price

10 × EDTA Anticoagulant
E-EL-SR003-48Tests	Elabscience Biotech	48 Tests	Ask for price

10 × EDTA Anticoagulant
E-EL-SR003-96Tests	Elabscience Biotech	96 Tests	EUR 6

10 × EDTA Anticoagulant
E-EL-SR003-96Tests10	Elabscience Biotech	96 Tests *10	EUR 60

10 × EDTA Anticoagulant
E-EL-SR003-96Tests5	Elabscience Biotech	96 Tests *5	EUR 30

USP Sol. EDTA TS - 100ML
USP2401	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	100ML	EUR 33.75

USP Sol. EDTA TS - 500ML
USP2405	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	500ML	EUR 54

0.5M EDTA pH 8.0
ML014-100ML	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 14.75
Description: 0.5M EDTA pH 8.0

0.5M EDTA pH 8.0
ML014-500ML	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 43.09
Description: 0.5M EDTA pH 8.0

PEGylated Liposomal EDTA
PHPC002EDTA	ProFoldin	2 ml	EUR 140.62
Description: This product includes 2 ml of 30 mM EDTA encapsulated in 6 mg/ml liposomes in 0.1 M NaCl.

EDTA 200mM, pH 8, Sterile
40120781-1	Glycomatrix	6x500 mL	EUR 190.33

EDTA 10X, pH 8.5
40125009-1	Glycomatrix	100 mL	EUR 36.77

EDTA 10X, pH 8.5
40125009-2	Glycomatrix	500 mL	EUR 76.66

EDTA SOL. (0.5M) PH8.0
IB70184	IBI Scientific	100ML	EUR 31.01

EDTA SOL. (0.5M) PH8.0
IB70186	IBI Scientific	1L	EUR 59.3

EDTA SOL. (0.5M) PH8.0
IB70187	IBI Scientific	10L	EUR 203.4

EDTA Tetrasodium Anhydrous
40500043-1	Glycomatrix	500 g	EUR 31.76

EDTA Tetrasodium Anhydrous
40500043-2	Glycomatrix	1 kg	EUR 52.61

EDTA Decalcification Solution
MBS2567127-100mL	MyBiosource	100mL	EUR 95

EDTA Decalcification Solution
MBS2567127-1L	MyBiosource	1L	EUR 175

EDTA Decalcification Solution
MBS2567127-500mL	MyBiosource	500mL	EUR 135

EDTA Decalcification Solution
MBS2567127-5x1L	MyBiosource	5x1L	EUR 745

EDTA, Ultra Pure, 1kg
R9410	ACTGene	1kg	EUR 121.44

EDTA, Ultra Pure, 1kg
R9410-1kg	ACTGene	each	EUR 228

RIPA Buffer with EDTA
42020004-1	Bio-WORLD	250 mL	EUR 47.3

RIPA Buffer with EDTA
42020004-2	Bio-WORLD	500 mL	EUR 80.32

USP Sol. 0.1 M EDTA - 500ML
USP10115	Scientific Laboratory Supplies	500ML	EUR 67.5

EDTA Disodium Salt, 0.25M
MBS635394-100mL	MyBiosource	100mL	EUR 145

EDTA Disodium Salt, 0.25M
MBS635394-1L	MyBiosource	1L	EUR 310

EDTA Disodium Salt, 0.25M
MBS635394-25L	MyBiosource	2.5L	EUR 590

EDTA Disodium Salt, 0.25M
MBS635394-4L	MyBiosource	4L	EUR 910

EDTA Disodium Salt, 0.25M
MBS635394-500mL	MyBiosource	500mL	EUR 220

CK WH BLOOD NS EDTA 500mL*
33131-1	Pel-Freez	500mL	EUR 282.89

Pig WH BLOOD NS EDTA 500mL*
39531-1	Pel-Freez	500mL	EUR 242.44

EDTA ferric sodium salt
GE7700	Glentham Life Sciences	100g	EUR 61.56

EDTA ferric sodium salt
GE7700-1	Glentham Life Sciences	1	EUR 67.2

EDTA ferric sodium salt
GE7700-100	Glentham Life Sciences	100	EUR 15.7

EDTA ferric sodium salt
GE7700-100G	Glentham Life Sciences	100 g	EUR 52.8

EDTA ferric sodium salt
GE7700-1KG	Glentham Life Sciences	1 kg	EUR 117.6

EDTA ferric sodium salt
GE7700-250	Glentham Life Sciences	250	EUR 23.8

EDTA ferric sodium salt
GE7700-250G	Glentham Life Sciences	250 g	EUR 64.8

EDTA ferric sodium salt
GE7700-500	Glentham Life Sciences	500	EUR 39.4

EDTA ferric sodium salt
GE7700-500G	Glentham Life Sciences	500 g	EUR 84

TRIS BORATE EDTA BUFFER
T831	PhytoTechnology Laboratories	100G	EUR 129.02

EDTA Titrant Buffer 10mM
40170017-1	Glycomatrix	500 mL	EUR 21.41

Coagulase Plasma w/ EDTA
FD248A-2X5VL	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 129.09
Description: Coagulase Plasma w/ EDTA

Coagulase Plasma w/ EDTA
FD248A-5VL	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 71.58
Description: Coagulase Plasma w/ EDTA

EDTA 0.5M Sterile Solution
SD8135	Bio Basic	450ml	EUR 86.1

0.5 M EDTA, pH 8.0
GR103066	Genorise Scientific	100 mL	EUR 69

0.5 M EDTA pH 8.0
E0240-01	EURx	100ml	EUR 19.62

0.5 M EDTA pH 8.0
E0240-02	EURx	500ml	EUR 30.52

0.5 M EDTA pH 8.0
E0240-03	EURx	1l	EUR 54.5

Normal Feline Plasma (EDTA)
abx098254-50ml	Abbexa	50 ml	EUR 844.8

EDTA disodium barium salt
E00170	Pfaltz & Bauer	10G	EUR 190.9

MicroMolar EDTA Assay kit
EDTA200	ProFoldin	200 assays	EUR 221.78
Description: This product includes 200 ul of 100 x C56 dye and 1000 ul of 1 mM EDTA. It is for measurement of 200 samples using 96-well plates. Cuvettes may also be used for measurements.

EDTA disodium calcium salt
E00190	Pfaltz & Bauer	25G	EUR 116.35

EDTA calcium disodium salt
GRM1371-500G	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 17.53
Description: EDTA calcium disodium salt

Imipenem with & ?without EDTA
EM078-10ST	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 26.2
Description: Imipenem with & ?without EDTA

EDTA ferric monosodium salt
GRM1197-100G	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 6.93
Description: EDTA ferric monosodium salt

EDTA ferric monosodium salt
GRM1197-500G	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 12.6
Description: EDTA ferric monosodium salt

Meropenem with & without EDTA
EM092-120ST	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 171.01
Description: Meropenem with & without EDTA

Meropenem with & without EDTA
EM092-150ST	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 203.7
Description: Meropenem with & without EDTA

Meropenem with & without EDTA
EM092-30ST	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 60.62
Description: Meropenem with & without EDTA

Meropenem with & without EDTA
EM092-60ST	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 109.13
Description: Meropenem with & without EDTA

Meropenem with & without EDTA
EM092-90ST	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 147.14
Description: Meropenem with & without EDTA

EDTA, Disodium Dihydrate Salt
20-147	Genesee Scientific	500g/Unit	EUR 73.04
Description: Ultra Pure Grade

EDTA Disodium Salt Dihydrate
40500012-1	Glycomatrix	500 g	EUR 53.99

EDTA Disodium Salt Dihydrate
40500012-2	Glycomatrix	1 kg	EUR 89.15

EDTA Disodium Salt Dihydrate
40500012-3	Glycomatrix	2.5 kg	EUR 187.43

EDTA Disodium Salt Dihydrate
40500012-4	Glycomatrix	5 kg	EUR 319.37

EDTA Disodium Salt Dihydrate
40500012-5	Glycomatrix	10 kg	EUR 621.34

EDTA disodium manganous salt
E00240	Pfaltz & Bauer	25G	EUR 257.58

EDTA, disodium salt, dihydrate
EB0185	Bio Basic	500g	EUR 84.01

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate
CH032	ABM	500 g	EUR 195.6

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate
CH033	ABM	1.0 kg	EUR 130
Description: A reversible metalloprotease inhibitor useful for chelating metal ions.

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate
CH034	ABM	2.5 kg	EUR 400.8

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate
A2503-1KG	Biomatik Corporation	1KG	EUR 46.2
Description: Biotechnology

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate
A2503-500G	Biomatik Corporation	500G	EUR 26.4
Description: Biotechnology

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate
A2503-5KG	Biomatik Corporation	5KG	EUR 189.2
Description: Biotechnology

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GRM1195-100G	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 6.93
Description: EDTA disodium salt dihydrate

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GRM1195-1KG	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 25.12
Description: EDTA disodium salt dihydrate

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GRM1195-500G	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 13.97
Description: EDTA disodium salt dihydrate

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GE3023	Glentham Life Sciences	100g	EUR 108.65

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GE3023-1	Glentham Life Sciences	1	EUR 39.4

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GE3023-100	Glentham Life Sciences	100	EUR 11.3

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GE3023-100G	Glentham Life Sciences	100 g	EUR 48

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GE3023-1KG	Glentham Life Sciences	1 kg	EUR 84

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GE3023-250	Glentham Life Sciences	250	EUR 15.9

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GE3023-250G	Glentham Life Sciences	250 g	EUR 55.2

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GE3023-5	Glentham Life Sciences	5	EUR 118.7

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GE3023-500	Glentham Life Sciences	500	EUR 23.8

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GE3023-500G	Glentham Life Sciences	500 g	EUR 64.8

EDTA disodium salt dihydrate
GE3023-5KG	Glentham Life Sciences	5 kg	EUR 180

EDTA Disodium Salt Dihydrate
MBS635343-100g	MyBiosource	100g	EUR 155

EDTA Disodium Salt Dihydrate
MBS635343-1kg	MyBiosource	1kg	EUR 320

EDTA Disodium Salt Dihydrate
MBS635343-25kg	MyBiosource	2.5kg	EUR 690

EDTA Disodium Salt Dihydrate
MBS635343-500g	MyBiosource	500g	EUR 260

EDTA Disodium Salt Dihydrate
MBS635343-5kg	MyBiosource	5kg	EUR 1020

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate
MBS4156372-500g	MyBiosource	500g	EUR 260

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate
MBS4156372-5x500g	MyBiosource	5x500g	EUR 920

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate
MBS4156373-1kg	MyBiosource	1kg	EUR 285

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate
MBS4156373-5x1kg	MyBiosource	5x1kg	EUR 1095

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate
MBS4156374-25kg	MyBiosource	2.5kg	EUR 465

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate
MBS4156374-5x25kg	MyBiosource	5x2.5kg	EUR 1705

10X Tris EDTA, pH 9.0
ML087-500ML	EWC Diagnostics	1 unit	EUR 11.87
Description: 10X Tris EDTA, pH 9.0

EDTA tetrasodium salt hydrate
GE3450	Glentham Life Sciences	100g	EUR 123.04

EDTA trisodium salt dihydrate
GE9701	Glentham Life Sciences	100g	EUR 79.7

EDTA tetrasodium salt hydrate
GE3450-1	Glentham Life Sciences	1	EUR 38

EDTA tetrasodium salt hydrate
GE3450-100	Glentham Life Sciences	100	EUR 11.8

EDTA tetrasodium salt hydrate
GE3450-100G	Glentham Life Sciences	100 g	EUR 49.2

EDTA tetrasodium salt hydrate
GE3450-1KG	Glentham Life Sciences	1 kg	EUR 81.6

EDTA tetrasodium salt hydrate
GE3450-250	Glentham Life Sciences	250	EUR 16.4

EDTA tetrasodium salt hydrate
GE3450-250G	Glentham Life Sciences	250 g	EUR 54

EDTA tetrasodium salt hydrate
GE3450-5	Glentham Life Sciences	5	EUR 134.4

EDTA tetrasodium salt hydrate
GE3450-500	Glentham Life Sciences	500	EUR 22.9

EDTA tetrasodium salt hydrate
GE3450-500G	Glentham Life Sciences	500 g	EUR 63.6

EDTA tetrasodium salt hydrate
GE3450-5KG	Glentham Life Sciences	5 kg	EUR 199.2

EDTA trisodium salt dihydrate
GE9701-100	Glentham Life Sciences	100	EUR 23.8

EDTA trisodium salt dihydrate
GE9701-100G	Glentham Life Sciences	100 g	EUR 64.8

EDTA trisodium salt dihydrate
GE9701-250	Glentham Life Sciences	250	EUR 47.4

EDTA trisodium salt dihydrate
GE9701-250G	Glentham Life Sciences	250 g	EUR 93.6

EDTA trisodium salt dihydrate
GE9701-500	Glentham Life Sciences	500	EUR 87.1

EDTA trisodium salt dihydrate
GE9701-500G	Glentham Life Sciences	500 g	EUR 141.6

EDTA Trisodium Salt Trihydrate
MBS638943-1kg	MyBiosource	1kg	EUR 385

EDTA Trisodium Salt Trihydrate
MBS638943-500g	MyBiosource	500g	EUR 320

EDTA Trisodium Salt Trihydrate
MBS638943-5x1kg	MyBiosource	5x1kg	EUR 1640

EDTA 17% pH 7.0, Sterile
40120337-1	Glycomatrix	100 mL	EUR 15.1

EDTA 17% pH 7.0, Sterile
40120337-2	Glycomatrix	250 ml	EUR 22.6

EDTA 0.5M, pH 9.0, Sterile
40120778-1	Glycomatrix	100 mL	EUR 36.77

EDTA 0.5M, pH 9.0, Sterile
40120778-2	Glycomatrix	250 mL	EUR 49.42

EDTA 0.5M, pH 9.0, Sterile
40120778-3	Glycomatrix	500 mL	EUR 69.32

EDTA 0.5M, pH 9.0, Sterile
40120778-4	Glycomatrix	1 L	EUR 102.65

EDTA 0.5M, pH 7.5, Sterile
40120779-1	Glycomatrix	100 mL	EUR 36.77

EDTA 0.5M, pH 7.5, Sterile
40120779-2	Glycomatrix	250 mL	EUR 49.42

EDTA 0.5M, pH 7.5, Sterile
40120779-3	Glycomatrix	500 mL	EUR 70.46

Constituent sulfate (SO₄^2-) and PM_2.5 from oil combustion and traffic were associated with reduced PEF. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in SO₄^2- (3.7 μg/m³, average lags 0-1) was associated with a decrease of 0.38% (95% confidence interval = -0.75% to -0.001%). An IQR increase in oil combustion and traffic-sourced PM_2.5 (2.64 μg/m³, lag 1) was associated with a decrease of 0.33% (-0.62% to -0.002%).

We found a larger PEF decrease associated with PM_2.5 from dust/soil on Asian Dust days. There was no evidence linking total mass and metals to reduced pulmonary function. The ventilatory capacity of adults with severe asthma is susceptible to specific constituents/sources of PM_2.5 such as sulfate and oil combustion and traffic despite active self-management of asthma and low air pollution levels in the study location.