The Protective Action of Piperlongumine Against Mycobacterial Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Its Mitigation of Inflammation and Macrophage Infiltration in Male BALB/c Mice
Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Retail Fresh Meat Products from Free-range Chickens in Spain
Interrelationships between amphiregulin, kisspeptin, FSH and FSH receptor in promotion of human ovarian cell functions
Novel PE and APC tandems: Additional near-infrared fluorochromes for use in spectral flow cytometry
Paraneoplastic and Other Autoimmune Encephalitides: Antineuronal Antibodies, T Lymphocytes, and Questions of Pathogenesis
- Antibodies in the second group, as exemplified by anti-Yo antibody, found in patients with rapidly progressive cerebellar syndrome, and anti-Hu antibody, associated with encephalomyelitis, react with intracellular neuronal antigens.
- These antibodies are characteristically found in patients with underlying malignancy, and neurological impairment is the result of neuronal death. Within the last few years, major advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of neurological disorders associated with antibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens.
- In contrast, the events that lead to neuronal death in conditions associated with antibodies directed against intracellular antigens, such as anti-Yo and anti-Hu, remain poorly understood, and the respective roles of antibodies and T lymphocytes in causing neuronal injury have not been defined in an animal model.
- In this review, we discuss current knowledge of these two groups of antibodies in terms of their discovery, how they arise, the interaction of both types of antibodies with their molecular targets, and the attempts that have been made to reproduce human neuronal injury in tissue culture models and experimental animals.
- We then discuss the emerging area of autoimmune neuronal injury associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the implications of current research for the treatment of affected patients.